Being a woman and being Tatar: intersectional perspectives on identity and tradition in the post-soviet context
Date
2022-07-14
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Abstract
Selles Siberi ja Eesti tatarlaste kogukonnas kogutud materjalidel põhinevas töös uuritakse, kuidas intersektsionaalse identiteediga inimesed, nagu tatari ja moslemi naised, postsovetlikus ühiskonnas oma identiteedist ja traditsioonidest räägivad. Töös käsitletakse soolist ja etnilist identiteeti lokaalsest, mitte universaalsest vaatenurgast, sest lähtepunktiks on naiste subjektiivne kogemus. Traditsioonidest rääkides on naiste jututeemade seas olulisel kohal kehaline kogemus. Näiteks tagasihoidlikkusega seostub ka enese katmine, neitsilikkus, inimrööv ja islami abielu (nikah). Seksuaalsuse kõrval on peateemad seotud peresuhetega, näiteks majapidamistööde jaotus, hierarhiad, suhted ämmaga ja mälestused vanaemast. Naiste hääled seovad traditsiooni keele ning etniliste ja religioossete tavadega, moodustades erisuguseid mustreid muutlikest ja mitmenäolistest naisidentiteetidest. „Puhta“ traditsiooni mõistet seostavad naised nõukogude-eelse ajaga. Oma vaadete õigustamiseks viitavad nad paljudele eri ajaperioodidest pärinevatele allikatele nagu perepildid, perede jutustused, mälestused ja teaduslikud uurimused. Sellega seatakse küsimuse alla erinevad arusaamad tatari kogukonna traditsioonide olemusest.
Based on ethnographic materials collected among Tatar communities in Siberia and Estonia, I discuss in the thesis how in the post-Soviet situation, people with intersectional identities, like women, Tatar and Muslim, negotiate their identity and tradition. My thesis problematizes gender and ethnic identities from the standpoint of local rather than universal positions because I put women’s subjectivity at the core. Themes in women's tradition are interwoven with bodily experience, like modesty, including veiling and virginity, abduction, and Islamic marriage (nikah). Beyond sexuality, main themes are interconnected with family relations, like the distribution of domestic labor, hierarchy, relations with mothers-in-law, and memories of grandmothers. Women’s voices tie tradition with language, as well as ethnic and religious practices, forming a variety of patterns of fluid and multifaceted women’s identities. Women link the notion of “pure” tradition to a pre-Soviet period. For justification of their views, they refer to a variety of sources like family photos, family stories, memories, academic research, of different chronological periods, which leads to a contestation of different understandings of what tradition is in Tatar communities.
Based on ethnographic materials collected among Tatar communities in Siberia and Estonia, I discuss in the thesis how in the post-Soviet situation, people with intersectional identities, like women, Tatar and Muslim, negotiate their identity and tradition. My thesis problematizes gender and ethnic identities from the standpoint of local rather than universal positions because I put women’s subjectivity at the core. Themes in women's tradition are interwoven with bodily experience, like modesty, including veiling and virginity, abduction, and Islamic marriage (nikah). Beyond sexuality, main themes are interconnected with family relations, like the distribution of domestic labor, hierarchy, relations with mothers-in-law, and memories of grandmothers. Women’s voices tie tradition with language, as well as ethnic and religious practices, forming a variety of patterns of fluid and multifaceted women’s identities. Women link the notion of “pure” tradition to a pre-Soviet period. For justification of their views, they refer to a variety of sources like family photos, family stories, memories, academic research, of different chronological periods, which leads to a contestation of different understandings of what tradition is in Tatar communities.
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females, Tatars, ethnic identity, traditions, gender roles, media representation, Islam, post-communist society, changes, government policy, ethnology