Effect of sprint interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood biochemical markers and bone health in adolescent boys with obesity
Date
2023-10-31
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Abstract
Traditsiooniliselt on mõõduka intensiivsusega kestustreening olnud peamine treeningmeetod keha koostise, aeroobse võimekuse või tervise parandamiseks nii täiskasvanute kui ka noorte seas. Viimasel aastakümnel on hakatud tervise parandamise eesmärgil aktiivemalt kasutama kõrge intensiivsusega intervalltreeningut, milles lühiajalised submaksimaalse intensiivsusega spurdid vahelduvad puhkeintervallidega. Sprindi intervalltreening, kui veelgi lühiajalisemate ning maksimaalsete pingutustega (tuntud kui “all-out”) sooritatud intervalltreening, on oma ülesehituselt väga sarnane lapseea “jookse-peatu” liigutusmustrile ning seetõttu võiks olla sobilik treeningmeetod noorele organismile tervist parandaval eesmärgil.
Käesoleva doktoritöö eesmärk oli kindlaks määrata, kas sprindi intervalltreening parandab rasvunud teismeealiste poiste keha koostist, kardiorespiratoorset võimekust, rasva- ja luukoe biokeemiliste markerite kontsentratsiooni veres ning luutervist.
Uuritavad läbisid 12-nädalase juhendatud sprindi intervalltreeningu sagedusega 3 korda nädalas, mis algas 5 minutilise soojendusega ning millele järgnes 4-6 30-sekundilist “all-out” rattasprinti vahelduvalt 4-minutiliste aktiivsete puhkeintervallidega. Treening lõppes 10-minutilise mahajahtumise osaga.
Töö tulemusel leiti, et sprindi intervalltreening vähendas rasvunud teismeealistel poistel keha rasvamassi protsenti, metaboolse sündroomi riski skoori ning tõstis kardiorespiratoorset võimekust ja alajäsemete luu mineraalset tihedust.
Traditionally moderate-intensity continuous training has been a main training method to improve body composition, aerobic capacity and health among children and adults. In the last decade, high-intensity interval training, in which short submaximal intensity bursts alternate with rest intervals, has been actively used to improve health. Sprint interval training, as interval training performed with even shorter maximal efforts (known as "all-out"), is very similar in its training structure to the "run-stop" movement style of childhood, and therefore, may be a suitable training method for youth with an aim to improve health. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to determine whether sprint interval training improves body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, adipose and bone tissue biochemical markers in blood and bone health in adolescent boys with obesity. Subjects underwent 12 weeks of supervised all-out sprint interval training with the frequency of 3 times per week which began with a 5-minute warm-up followed by 4-6 30-second all-out bike sprints interspersed with 4-minute active rest intervals. The training session ended with a 10-minute cool-down period. It was found that sprint interval training reduced body fat percentage, metabolic syndrome severity score, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness and lower limb bone mineral density in adolescent boys with obesity.
Traditionally moderate-intensity continuous training has been a main training method to improve body composition, aerobic capacity and health among children and adults. In the last decade, high-intensity interval training, in which short submaximal intensity bursts alternate with rest intervals, has been actively used to improve health. Sprint interval training, as interval training performed with even shorter maximal efforts (known as "all-out"), is very similar in its training structure to the "run-stop" movement style of childhood, and therefore, may be a suitable training method for youth with an aim to improve health. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to determine whether sprint interval training improves body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, adipose and bone tissue biochemical markers in blood and bone health in adolescent boys with obesity. Subjects underwent 12 weeks of supervised all-out sprint interval training with the frequency of 3 times per week which began with a 5-minute warm-up followed by 4-6 30-second all-out bike sprints interspersed with 4-minute active rest intervals. The training session ended with a 10-minute cool-down period. It was found that sprint interval training reduced body fat percentage, metabolic syndrome severity score, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness and lower limb bone mineral density in adolescent boys with obesity.
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Keywords
boys, teenagers, body composition, body mass index, bone tissue, biomarkers, sprint (race), interval training