Self-determination theory-based interventions combining physical education teachers’ and parents’ need-supportive training to increase out-of-school physical activity among school students
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Ajakirja pealkiri
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Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
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Teismeliste ebapiisav kehaline aktiivsus on probleem kogu maailmas. Noorte hoiakute kujundamisel liikumise suhtes on koolidel ja peredel võtmeroll. Doktoritöös uuriti, kuidas kehalise kasvatuse (KK) õpetajatele ja lapsevanematele suunatud veebipõhised sekkumised võivad aidata neil omandada oskusi, mille abil toetada teismeliste liikumist vabal ajal. Uuring tugineb enesemääratlusteooriale, mis rõhutab kolme psühholoogilise põhivajaduse – autonoomsuse (otsustamisvabadus), kompetentsuse (pädevustunne) ja seotuse (kuuluvustunne) – toetamise olulisust, et edendada noorte sisemist motivatsiooni rohkem liikuda. KK õpetajad saavad luua tunnis põhivajadusi toetavaid tingimusi, näiteks pakkudes õpilastele valikuvõimalusi, samas kui lapsevanemad saavad julgustada noorte liikumist vabal ajal.
Doktoritöös testiti kolme sekkumist: üks lapsevanematele, üks KK õpetajatele ja üks kombineeritud programm nii õpetajatele kui ka lapsevanematele. KK õpetajatele suunatud sekkumine parandas oluliselt õpilaste tajutud õpetajate toetust, aidates säilitada nende motivatsiooni KK tundides. Huvitaval kombel selgus, et KK õpetajatele suunatud sekkumise tulemusel tunnetasid sekkumisrühma lapsed tugevamat lapsevanema poolset toetust oma psühholoogilistele põhivajadustele. Samas ei avaldanud lapsevanematele suunatud sekkumine oodatud otsest mõju laste kehalise aktiivsusega seotud näitajatele, tõenäoliselt madala osalusaktiivsuse ja muude kohustuste tõttu. Hoolimata psühholoogilistest kasudest ei toonud ükski sekkumine kaasa noorukite kehalise aktiivsuse taseme märkimisväärset tõusu.
Kooli ja kodu ühine panus on hädavajalik, et arendada noorte elukestvaid liikumisharjumusi. Edaspidi tuleks keskenduda sellele, et muuta lapsevanematele suunatud programmid kaasahaaravamaks, pakkudes näiteks kohandatud sisu ning kombineerides veebipõhiseid ja vahetuid koolitusi. Toetava keskkonna loomine nii koolis kui ka kodus aitab kujundada noorte tervislikku ja aktiivset eluviisi.
Adolescents worldwide often fail to meet recommended physical activity (PA) levels, which are crucial for physical and mental health. Schools and families play a pivotal role in shaping young people's attitudes toward PA. The thesis explores how web-based interventions targeting physical education (PE) teachers and parents can encourage adolescents to be more physically active in their free time. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the research emphasizes the importance of supporting three basic psychological needs – autonomy (feeling in control), competence (feeling capable), and relatedness (feeling connected) – to foster intrinsic motivation for PA. PE teachers can create autonomy-supportive environments in class, and similarly, parents can encourage PA in the home setting. Three interventions were tested: one for parents, one for PE teachers, and a combined program. The results showed that the intervention for PE teachers significantly improved students' perceptions of teacher support, helping maintain their motivation in PE classes. Interestingly, this intervention also had a spillover effect, improving students' perceptions of parental support for PA. However, the parental intervention alone showed limited direct effects, likely due to low engagement and competing responsibilities. Despite these psychological improvements, none of the interventions led to significant increases in adolescents' PA levels. This highlights the challenge of translating motivational gains into behavioral change. The findings suggest that combining school and home efforts is crucial for promoting lifelong PA habits. Future interventions should focus on making programs more engaging for parents, possibly through tailored content and blended approaches that include both online and face-to-face components. By fostering supportive environments in both school and home settings, we can better equip adolescents to lead active, healthy lives.
Adolescents worldwide often fail to meet recommended physical activity (PA) levels, which are crucial for physical and mental health. Schools and families play a pivotal role in shaping young people's attitudes toward PA. The thesis explores how web-based interventions targeting physical education (PE) teachers and parents can encourage adolescents to be more physically active in their free time. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the research emphasizes the importance of supporting three basic psychological needs – autonomy (feeling in control), competence (feeling capable), and relatedness (feeling connected) – to foster intrinsic motivation for PA. PE teachers can create autonomy-supportive environments in class, and similarly, parents can encourage PA in the home setting. Three interventions were tested: one for parents, one for PE teachers, and a combined program. The results showed that the intervention for PE teachers significantly improved students' perceptions of teacher support, helping maintain their motivation in PE classes. Interestingly, this intervention also had a spillover effect, improving students' perceptions of parental support for PA. However, the parental intervention alone showed limited direct effects, likely due to low engagement and competing responsibilities. Despite these psychological improvements, none of the interventions led to significant increases in adolescents' PA levels. This highlights the challenge of translating motivational gains into behavioral change. The findings suggest that combining school and home efforts is crucial for promoting lifelong PA habits. Future interventions should focus on making programs more engaging for parents, possibly through tailored content and blended approaches that include both online and face-to-face components. By fostering supportive environments in both school and home settings, we can better equip adolescents to lead active, healthy lives.
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