Aja nool B-seerias
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Abstrakt
Käesolev töö analüüsib aja noole võimalikkust B-seerias. McTaggarti B-seeria kohaselt eksisteerivad mineviku ja tuleviku sündmused üheaegselt muutumatus seoses, samas kui aja nool tähistab sündmuste asümmeetrilist kulgu tulevikust minevikku. Töös püütakse B-seeria ja aja noole ühitada, argumenteerides, et aja nool B-seerias on võimalik. Selle tõestuseks esitatakse kolm võimalust: entroopia kasv – aja suund ühtib entroopia kasvuga –, põhjuslikkuse asümmeetria – põhjuse eelnemine tagajärjele annab aja suuna põhjusest tagajärjele – ning psühholoogiline asümmeetria – infot koguvad süsteem ehk IGUS loon aja noole pidevalt täieneva mälu kaudu. Töö järeldab, et aja noole olemasolu võimatus B-seerias on võimalik, kui B-seeriale lisada inimpsühholoogia, eeldusel, et põhjuse eelnemine tagajärjele pole primaarne seos.
Kirjeldus
This thesis attempts to reconcile McTaggart's B-series with the arrow of time. McTaggart introduced the B-series, in which future and past events are in a static relationship, i.e. past and future events exist simultaneously in an unchanging relation to each other. The arrow of time describes a certain one-way, i.e. asymmetric movement of events from the future to the present and onward to the past, the arrow itself being directed towards the future. A conflict arises between B-series and the arrow of time because the movement of events from the future to the past in the arrow contradicts the static nature of events in the B-series.
The thesis argues for the possibility of the arrow of time in B-series. One way to explain the arrow of time in the B-series is with the increase in entropy: an earlier event has a lower entropy than a later one, in which case the arrow of time appears with the direction towards the direction of increasing entropy. Another way to explain the arrow of time in the B-series is with the asymmetry of causality, according to which if an event 𝑒1 causes 𝑒2, in which case 𝑒1is earlier than 𝑒2 – this is a static asymmetry, which gives time a definite direction from cause to effect, which is consistent with the B-series due to the constancy of the relationship of events. The third way for the arrow of time in the B-series is through psychological asymmetry: the IGUS system, which can be a person, creates an arrow of time from a constantly increasing memory of itself. It is concluded that the arrow of time in the B-series is impossible without the addition of human psychology, provided that a cause preceding its consequence is not a primitive connection.
Märksõnad
filosoofia, philosophy, B-seeria, aja nool, aja asümmeetria