Polüfunktsionaalsed küsilaused eesti argivestluses
Date
2018-11-16
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Abstract
Doktoritöö teemaks on küsilaused, millega ei küsita puuduvat infot, vaid tehakse vestluses midagi muud. Kui kuuleme vestluses küsimusi „Kas me ei ela demokraatlikus vabariigis?“ või „Mida sa lödistad?“, siis üldiselt me ei eelda, et nendele oodatakse tavapärast vastust. Doktoritöös uuritakse suhtluslingvistika ja vestlusanalüüsi metodoloogilisi lähenemisi rakendades, mis suhtluseesmärkidel selliseid küsilauseid igapäevastes tegelikes vestlustes kasutatakse. Samuti vaadeldakse, kas ja mille poolest uuritud küsilaused erinevad päris küsimustest. Materjal pärineb Tartu Ülikooli suulise eesti keele korpusest. Analüüs näitab, et vaadeldud küsilaused on polüfunktsionaalsed ehk teisisõnu sooritatakse nendega suhtluses korraga mitu suhtlustegevust, millest peamised on seisukohavõtud, hinnangud, õigustamised, vaidlustused, kaeblemised, süüdistused, etteheited, küsimused, keelud, käsud ja nõuanded. Eelpool toodud esimese näitelausega väljendatakse hinnangulist seisukohta ’Me elame demokraatlikus vabariigis.’ ja õigustust oma varasemale arvamusavaldusele. Teise näitelausega väljendatakse peamise suhtlustegevusena keeldu ’Ära lödista!’, kuid see sisaldab ka väidet ja etteheidet ’Lödistamine on sobimatu.’. Doktoritöös näidatakse, et üldjuhul ei erine need küsilaused morfosüntaktiliselt infoküsimustest. Oluline erinevus seisneb kõnelejate teadmiste jagunemises. Kui infoküsimuste esitajatel ei ole küsimuse aluseks oleva teema kohta infot, siis vaadeldud küsilausete esitajad on valdavalt teadja rollis. Osa vaadeldud küsilauseid erinevad infoküsimustest ka iseloomulike prosoodiliste tunnuste poolest. Varem on selliseid küsilauseid, mis moodustavad siinse doktoritöö materjali, kirjeldatud kui retoorilisi küsimusi, mis ei oota vastust, kuna vastus on küsilausega juba ette antud. Väitekiri näitab, et igapäevastes argivestlustes neile siiski reageeritakse eri viisidel.
The research object of this dissertation is interrogatives in everyday interaction that are not primarily questions, such as Kas me ei ela demokraatlikus vabariigis või? ‘Don’t we live in a democratic republic?’ and Mida sa lödistad? ‘What are you splattering?’. In the dissertation I study the social actions of these interrogatives as well as their format. I seek to determine what differences exist between these interrogatives and “real” questions. For analyzing the data, I use the methodological framework of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis. The data comes from the Corpus of Spoken Estonian of the University of Tartu. In the dissertation I demonstrate that these interrogatives are multifunctional. They are used to accomplish not one, but several social actions at the same time. The primary social actions these questions are used to accomplish are statements, judgements, justifications, challenges, complaints, accusations, reproaches, prohibitions, and orders. For example, the interrogative Don’t we live in a democratic republic conveys an assertion ‘We live in a democratic republic’ and a justification. The interrogative What are you splattering conveys a prohibition ‘Stop splattering!’, which implicitly also expresses a reproach ‘Splattering is inappropriate behavior.’ The analysis shows that generally these interrogatives do not differ in form from real questions. The main differences are in epistemics and prosody. In the dissertation I demonstrate that these interrogatives, which traditionally are described as rhetorical questions that do not make an answer relevant, in fact receive different kinds of responsive actions, such as (dis)agreements, counter-statements, justifications etc.
The research object of this dissertation is interrogatives in everyday interaction that are not primarily questions, such as Kas me ei ela demokraatlikus vabariigis või? ‘Don’t we live in a democratic republic?’ and Mida sa lödistad? ‘What are you splattering?’. In the dissertation I study the social actions of these interrogatives as well as their format. I seek to determine what differences exist between these interrogatives and “real” questions. For analyzing the data, I use the methodological framework of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis. The data comes from the Corpus of Spoken Estonian of the University of Tartu. In the dissertation I demonstrate that these interrogatives are multifunctional. They are used to accomplish not one, but several social actions at the same time. The primary social actions these questions are used to accomplish are statements, judgements, justifications, challenges, complaints, accusations, reproaches, prohibitions, and orders. For example, the interrogative Don’t we live in a democratic republic conveys an assertion ‘We live in a democratic republic’ and a justification. The interrogative What are you splattering conveys a prohibition ‘Stop splattering!’, which implicitly also expresses a reproach ‘Splattering is inappropriate behavior.’ The analysis shows that generally these interrogatives do not differ in form from real questions. The main differences are in epistemics and prosody. In the dissertation I demonstrate that these interrogatives, which traditionally are described as rhetorical questions that do not make an answer relevant, in fact receive different kinds of responsive actions, such as (dis)agreements, counter-statements, justifications etc.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
Estonian language, everyday language, conversation, interrogative sentences, conversation analysis, multimodal communication