Eetiliste ja esteetiliste väärtuste vahekord John Watersi filmis "Roosad flamingod"
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Bakalaureusetöö analüüsib eetiliste-esteetiliste väärtuste vahekorda kunstiteostes, keskendudes täpsemalt John Watersi 1972. aasta filmile “Roosad flamingod”, mis on ebamoraalne ning samaaegselt esteetiliselt väärtuslik. Eesmärgiks on leida teooria, mis suudab edukalt selgitada filmi esteetilist väärtust. Esiteks analüüsin pakutud lahendusi eetiliste-esteetiliste väärtuste käsitlemiseks ning selgitan nende suutmatust filmi esteetilist väärtust selgitada; keskendun autonomismile, mis eitab suhet eetiliste-esteetiliste väärtuste vahel, moralismile, mille järgi panustab moraalne hüve esteetilisse väärtusesse, ning immoralismile, mille järgi panustab moraalne pahe esteetilisse väärtusesse. Viimaks käsitlen transgressiivset immoralismi – ideed, et transgressiivse kunsti eripärade tõttu panustab žanris ebamoraalsus esteetilisse väärtusesse. Väidan, et antud lähenemine selgitab edukalt “Roosade flamingode” esteetilist väärtust.
Kirjeldus
This thesis analyzes the interaction between ethical and aesthetic values in artworks. The main aim of the thesis is to find a theory that adequately describes the aesthetic value of John Waters’ 1972. Pink Flamingos – an immoral, yet aesthetically valuable film. A successful explanation includes the fact that the film is immoral. Immoral artworks are those that invite the audience to have a positive attitude towards the immoral characters, attitudes, actions displayed; Pink Flamingos is therefore not immoral for simply depicting immoral behaviour, but for inviting the audience to approve of this behaviour. I start by describing the theories that address the interaction of aesthetic-ethical values – autonomism, that denies such an interaction; moralism, that sees moral defects as aesthetic defects; immoralism, that sees immorality as a contributor to aesthetic value – and examining their shortcomings as well as inability to successfully describe the aesthetic value of Pink Flamingos. Finally, I focus on the most recent theory of immoralism as proposed by Zhen Li in 2021 – transgressive immoralism, according to which immorality positively contributes to aesthetic value in the genre of transgressive art, as immorality is used to fulfil the artistic aim of transgression and promote extreme liberty, happiness, etc. Pink Flamingos breaks and criticizes moral norms in order to inspire authenticity, happiness and liberty in their extreme form; through immorality, the artistic aim distinctive to transgressive art is realized. Therefore, immorality contributes to the film’s aesthetic value and transgressive immoralism is an adequate way to explain Pink Flamingo’s aesthetic value.
Märksõnad
filosoofia, philosophy, esteetika, aesthetics, eetika, ethics, immoralism, moralism, transgressiivne kunst