Association of molecular markers CILP-2, DDR2 and C2C with the severity of tissue damage in knee osteoarthritis
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Osteoartroos (OA) on kõige sagedamini esinev krooniline liigeshaigus, mis mõjutab miljoneid inimesi maailmas. Kõige sagedamini kahjustab OA põlveliigest. Pikalt arvati, et OA on tingitud kõhrkoe kulumisest, kuid tänaseks on teada, et OA algab molekulaarsetest muutustest, mis mõjutavad liigese erinevaid kudesid (kõhr, luu, sünoviaalkest, menisk, sidemed). Varase OA-ga seotud molekulaarsed muutused toimuvad faasis, kus haigusele iseloomulikud sümptomid puuduvad. Seetõttu on OA uurimisel olulisel kohal molekulaarsed markerid, mis peegeldavad haiguse käigus toimunud muutusi ja ideaalis aitavad tuvastada OA varast haigestumist või sobivad haigust modifitseeriva ravi kandidaadiks.
Uuringuks valiti järgmised eeldatavalt OA-ga seotud markerid: CILP-2 (kõhre vahekihi valk 2), DDR2 (diskoidiini domeeni retseptor 2) ja C2C (teist tüüpi kollageeni lõhustumise neoepitoop). Käesolevas uurimuses hindasime nende biomarkerite esinemist OA patsientidelt põlveliigese endoproteesimisel kogutud kõhrkoe proovides. Hindasime nii kõhrkoe lokaalset kui makroskoopilist kahjustust OARSI (Rahvusvahelise Osteoartriidi Uurimise Ühingu) väljatöötatud hindamissüsteemi alusel ja võrdlesime kahjustusastmeid biomarkerite ekspressiooniga. Eraldi metoodilises uurimuses leidsime sobivaima antigeeni esiletoomise meetodi CILP-2 immunohistokeemiliseks värvinguks.
Uurimistöö tulemused näitavad, et CILP-2 ja C2C on paljulubavad põlveliigese OA raskuseastme biomarkerid. CILP-2 ja DDR2 ekspressiooni võrdlemisel selgus, et kui CILP-2 seostus mitmete kõhrekahjustuse parameetritega, siis DDR2 näitas kõhrekahjustusega ainult nõrka seost. Seega võib antud uuringu valgusel pidada CILP-2 paremaks OA lokaalse kahjustuse markeriks kui DDR2. C2C immunohistokeemilistes uuringutes, kus kasutati uriinis C2C testides rakendatavat antikeha, leiti C2C seostumine liigeskõhre kahjustuse ulatusega. Seega võib C2C pidada arvestatavaks OA markeriks ja uriinis määratud C2C tase võiks peegeldada koetasandil toimuvaid muutusi.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease, impacting millions globally, with the knee being the most commonly affected. Traditionally viewed as a “wear and tear” condition, OA is now recognized to originate from molecular changes that affect all joint tissues, including cartilage, bone, synovium, menisci, and ligaments. These molecular changes occur well before clinical symptoms become apparent. Consequently, molecular markers that can reflect changes during OA pathogenesis and potentially aid in early detection or serve as targets for disease-modifying therapy are crucial in OA research. This study focused on the following putative OA markers: CILP-2 (cartilage intermediate layer protein 2), DDR2 (Discoidin Domain Receptor 2) and C2C (collagen type-II C-terminal cleavage neoepitope). We evaluated the expression of these biomarkers in cartilage samples obtained from OA patients who underwent total knee replacement. We assessed the local cartilage pathology and the extent of macroscopic damage using the OARSI OA Cartilage Histopathology Assessment System and compared the damage levels with the expression of biomarkers. In a separate methodological study, we identified the most suitable antigen retrieval method for CILP-2 immunohistochemistry. Our findings indicate that CILP-2 and C2C are promising biomarkers for assessing knee OA severity. When comparing CILP-2 with DDR2, we found that while CILP-2 correlated with the several indicators of articular cartilage damage, DDR2 showed only a weak association. Thus, CILP-2 may be considered a superior OA marker compared to DDR2 based on our study. The C2C immunohistochemical study, using the antibodies applied in urine C2C ELISA assays, revealed a correlation of tissue-level expression and cartilage damage. Therefore, C2C can be considered a reliable OA marker, with urine assays detected C2C levels potentially reflecting the tissue-level changes.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease, impacting millions globally, with the knee being the most commonly affected. Traditionally viewed as a “wear and tear” condition, OA is now recognized to originate from molecular changes that affect all joint tissues, including cartilage, bone, synovium, menisci, and ligaments. These molecular changes occur well before clinical symptoms become apparent. Consequently, molecular markers that can reflect changes during OA pathogenesis and potentially aid in early detection or serve as targets for disease-modifying therapy are crucial in OA research. This study focused on the following putative OA markers: CILP-2 (cartilage intermediate layer protein 2), DDR2 (Discoidin Domain Receptor 2) and C2C (collagen type-II C-terminal cleavage neoepitope). We evaluated the expression of these biomarkers in cartilage samples obtained from OA patients who underwent total knee replacement. We assessed the local cartilage pathology and the extent of macroscopic damage using the OARSI OA Cartilage Histopathology Assessment System and compared the damage levels with the expression of biomarkers. In a separate methodological study, we identified the most suitable antigen retrieval method for CILP-2 immunohistochemistry. Our findings indicate that CILP-2 and C2C are promising biomarkers for assessing knee OA severity. When comparing CILP-2 with DDR2, we found that while CILP-2 correlated with the several indicators of articular cartilage damage, DDR2 showed only a weak association. Thus, CILP-2 may be considered a superior OA marker compared to DDR2 based on our study. The C2C immunohistochemical study, using the antibodies applied in urine C2C ELISA assays, revealed a correlation of tissue-level expression and cartilage damage. Therefore, C2C can be considered a reliable OA marker, with urine assays detected C2C levels potentially reflecting the tissue-level changes.
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