Exotic spherically symmetric objects in modified gravity
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Üldrelatiivsusteooria, Albert Einsteini tuntud teooria, mis kirjeldab gravitatsiooni kui aegruumi kõverust, on pakkunud revolutsioonilise viisi gravitatsiooni mõistmiseks ning on edukalt seletanud arvukalt astrofüüsikalisi ja kosmoloogilisi nähtusi. Hoolimata selle teooria edust, esinevad probleemid, millele see ei paku lahendust, sealhulgas kosmoloogiliste mõõtmiste vaheline ebakõla, tumeda aine ja tumeda energia mõistatuslik olemus ning teised fundamentaalsed teoreetilised probleemid, mistõttu on vajadus gravitatsiooniteooria järele, mis võtaks adekvaatselt arvesse kvantmõjusid.
Nende probleemide käsitlemiseks uurime modifitseeritud gravitatsiooniteooriaid, mis laiendavad algset teooriat, lisades uusi välju või geomeetrilisi suurusi. Gravitatsiooniteooriad ennustavad mitte ainult musti auke, mida on ka vaadeldud, vaid ka eksootilisemaid objekte nagu näiteks ussiauke (wormholes), mille olemasolu on endiselt hüpoteetiline. Need objektid tekivad väljavõrrandite lahenditena, mis määravad mateeria ja energia liikumise universumis. Samuti on võimalik teoreetiliselt konstrueerida eksootilisi konfiguratsioone. Käesoleva väitekirja eesmärk on uurida selliseid sfääriliselt sümmeetrilisi objekte modifitseeritud gravitatsioonis ning analüüsida nende omadusi. Eriti keskendutakse mustade aukude lahenditele, mis on identsed üldrelatiivsusteoorias leitud lahenditega. Vastavad lahendid kirjeldavad kergelt modifitseeritud mustasid auke ning uusi eksootilisi objekte, millel ei ole üldrelatiivsusteoorias vastet. Nende lahenduste puhul uurime osakeste ja valguskiirte liikumist objektide lähedal, arvutame vastavate objektide massi ning analüüsime mitmeid muid omadusi, mis toovad ilmsile nende olemuse. Samuti konstrueerime ussiauke, sobitades omavahel huvi pakkuva teooria sfäärilisi lahendeid, uurides nende stabiilsust ning uurides vastavate ussiaukude materjali tüüpi.
Käesolev töö täiendab meie arusaamist modifitseeritud teooriatest ja gravitatsioonilistest objektidest, mida need teooriad ennustavad. Seega, täiendades seda tööd teiste modifitseeritud teooriate aspektide uurimisega, saame paremini hinnata erinevate teooriate teostatavust. Lisaks pakub see uurimistööalust tulevasteks võrdlusteks teoreetiliste prognooside ja vaatlusandmete vahel näiteks gravitatsioonilainete puhul. Sellised võrdlused võivad tuua tõendeid nende objektide olemasolu kohta ning paljastada võimalikke kõrvalekaldeid üldrelatiivsusteooriast.
General Relativity, the famous theory of Albert Einstein which describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime, has provided a revolutionary way of perceiving the gravitational interaction and has successfully explained numerous astrophysical and cosmological phenomena. Despite its success, there are challenges that this theory cannot resolve, including discrepancies between cosmological measurements, the enigmatic nature of dark matter and dark energy, fundamental theoretical issues but also the need for a gravitational theory that properly accounts for quantum effects. In order to address these issues, we study modified theories of gravity which extend the original theory by adding new fields or geometric quantities. Gravity theories predict not only black holes, which have been observed, but also more exotic objects such as wormholes, whose existence remains hypothetical. These objects arise as solutions of the field equations, which govern the motion of matter and energy in the universe. We can also theoretically construct exotic configurations. The aim of this dissertation is to explore such objects with spherical symmetry in modified gravity and study their properties. In particular, we identify black hole solutions identical to the ones found in General Relativity, slightly modified black holes solutions and new exotic objects which do not have a counterpart in General Relativity. For these solutions we study the motion of particles and light rays when they pass by these objects, we compute their mass and we explore several other properties that shed light on their nature. We also construct wormholes by properly matching spherical solutions of the theory and we examine their stability and the type of matter they are made of. This work deepens our understanding of modified theories and the gravitating objects they predict. Consequently, by complementing this work with studies of other aspects of modified theories, we can better assess the viability of different theories. Moreover, this research provides a foundation for future comparisons between theoretical predictions and observational data such as gravitational wave signals. Such comparisons could lead to evidence for the existence of these objects and reveal potential deviations from General Relativity.
General Relativity, the famous theory of Albert Einstein which describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime, has provided a revolutionary way of perceiving the gravitational interaction and has successfully explained numerous astrophysical and cosmological phenomena. Despite its success, there are challenges that this theory cannot resolve, including discrepancies between cosmological measurements, the enigmatic nature of dark matter and dark energy, fundamental theoretical issues but also the need for a gravitational theory that properly accounts for quantum effects. In order to address these issues, we study modified theories of gravity which extend the original theory by adding new fields or geometric quantities. Gravity theories predict not only black holes, which have been observed, but also more exotic objects such as wormholes, whose existence remains hypothetical. These objects arise as solutions of the field equations, which govern the motion of matter and energy in the universe. We can also theoretically construct exotic configurations. The aim of this dissertation is to explore such objects with spherical symmetry in modified gravity and study their properties. In particular, we identify black hole solutions identical to the ones found in General Relativity, slightly modified black holes solutions and new exotic objects which do not have a counterpart in General Relativity. For these solutions we study the motion of particles and light rays when they pass by these objects, we compute their mass and we explore several other properties that shed light on their nature. We also construct wormholes by properly matching spherical solutions of the theory and we examine their stability and the type of matter they are made of. This work deepens our understanding of modified theories and the gravitating objects they predict. Consequently, by complementing this work with studies of other aspects of modified theories, we can better assess the viability of different theories. Moreover, this research provides a foundation for future comparisons between theoretical predictions and observational data such as gravitational wave signals. Such comparisons could lead to evidence for the existence of these objects and reveal potential deviations from General Relativity.
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