Eesti Rahvusringhäälingu raadiointervjuude intervjueerimispraktikad
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Ajakirja pealkiri
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Tartu Ülikool
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Radio interviews in the Estonian Public Broadcasting This Magister‟s Thesis studies radio interviews in the Estonian Public Broadcasting. The aim of the author is to find out which techniques and methods guarantee an effective interview. For this purpose a selection was made amongst 30 interviews taped by the radio journalists of the Estonian Public Broadcasting. The interviews included to the selection were not edited beforehand. Interviews were transcribed and the analysis was proceeded on the basis of the texts. The theoretical sources of the thesis originate from the traditions of studies of journalistic interview. The study of an interview has been associated with Anglo-American journalistic studies, the researchers have mostly worked with interviews by the British and American journalists. In the middle of the 1980s David Greatbatch, Steven Clayman and John Heritage mostly studied the following subjects: the character of the political and news interview; dominating conventions; neutrality of an interview etc. From the end of the 1990s journalistic interview has been one of the main topics among the journalistic researchers in Finland, Spain, China, Israel etc. In Estonia journalistic interview has not been extensively studied during last years. The analytical part of the Master‟s Thesis is based on two methods of text analysis – conversation analysis (CA) and critical discourse analysis (CDA). CA is an accepted method to study conversations and interviews, it is widely used in studies of journalistic interviews. The main purpose of CDA is to find out the structure of the conversation and the hidden power relations in it. The method of CDA was used to study the vocabulary employed in the interviews. The results of the study showed that interviewers often misuse basic rules of interviewing, which may cause entanglement in the course of an interview.
The results of the analysis showed that the main problem in interviews is asking questions. As the analysis of questions showed, most of the questions (38%) were open questions. The author of this work found two possible conclusions – the interviewers look for longer clarifying answers, or, the interviewers try to conceal their mispreparation by using open questions. The close analysis of the questions on their functions and composition point to the insufficient preparation of the interviewer. Preferring open questions also refer to the interviewers‟ intentions to find out the interviewee‟s opinions. Asking clear questions also means that the questions are formed in a simple logical way and that they are also clear for the interviewee. As the analysis of the interviews showed, this demand is often ignored. The main mistake in the course of interviews is to ask two simultaneous questions. Interviewees often answer only one question or skip the question(s) and follow their own subject, which may differ greatly from the main topic of the interview. One of the most important feature in the interview is the competency of the interviewee, which should be examined beforehand or during the interview. For this purpose interviewers should make more use of filter questions which were very seldom used in the interviews studied for this thesis. The questions were mostly about the interviewee‟s name and occupation. There was only one interview in the selection completed for the current thesis during which the interviewee was asked if he/she had any information on a certain subject. The insufficient usage of filter questions resulted in incompetent answers by the interviewees. The study of interview focuses showed that the most common mistake made in the course of an interview was switching from one topic to another or changing the focus during the interview. It was useful for the interview when switching was fluent, but it started to disturb the course of the conversation if topics were changed in the middle of the iterview. The focuses were changed by the interviewers. There were no changes in the focuses by the interviewees. The analysis also showed that the initiative is hold by the interviewers, they make decisions on switching the course and they assess the completeness of the answers. In this part the tendencies described in the theoretical part of the current work agreed with the results of the thesis. The present Master‟s Thesis is a qualitative study and the results should not be extended to all radio interviews. At the same time the results mark tendencies which may have potentiality to be a valuable source for the future studies on this field.
Märksõnad
H Social Sciences (General), magistritööd, meedia, ringhääling, raadio, intervjueerimine, intervjuud, ajakirjandusžanrid