Fathers and parental leave: slow steps towards dual earner/dual carer family model in Estonia
Kuupäev
2011-07-20
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Doktoritöö eesmärgiks on analüüsida Eesti ühiskonnas lapsehoolduse peresisest jagunemist meeste ja naiste vahel ning avada põhjuseid, miks liigub Eesti ühiskond kahe leivateenija/kahe hoolitseja peremudeli suunas väga aeglaselt. Ennekõike keskendutakse peremudeli ühele komponendile, hoolitsusele ning selle hoolitsuskohustuse peresisesele jagunemisele meeste ja naiste vahel.
Väitekiri tugineb kolmele iseseisvale uurimusele, mis avab perekondade käitumist seoses lapsehoolduspuhkuse soolise jagunemisega erinevatest aspektidest. Uurimused näitavad, et Eestis on sotsiaalpoliitika kujundamisel soolise võrd¬õigus¬likkuse põhimõtete rakendamine takerdunud osalt minevikukoge¬muste, vananenud võrdõiguslikkuse ideoloogia ning isarolli hilise tunnustamise tõttu. Lapse eest hoolitsemine ei ole Eesti hegemoonilise maskuliinsuse osa, mehed ei tunneta, et neilt oodataks suuremat osalust lapsehoolduses ning kardavad sellise ebatüüpilise valiku tagajärgi. Uurimus näitas samuti, et olulist rolli meeste lapsehoolduspuhkusele jäämise valmisolekus mängivad erinevad n.ö. hea lapsevanema kuvandid, mis erineval viisil kujundavad meeste arusaama lapsevanema rollist lapse arengul ning erineval määral tekitavad hirmu lapsehoidja rolli ülevõtmise ees. Oluline roll on ka sel, kuivõrd isade lapsehoolduspuhkusele jäämine ning vanemahüvitise saamine ehk familiseerimine viib emade tööturule sisenemise ehk defamiliseerimiseni. Eesti traditsioonilist soolist tööjaotust toetavas ühiskonnas leiavad perekonnad viise, kuidas meeste lapsehoolduspuhkuse kasutamine on võimalik selliselt, et traditsioonilisi soorolle küsimuse alla ei seata ning liikumist kahe hoolitseja mudeli suunas ei toimu.
The aim of the dissertation is to analyse the division of childcare between men and women in Estonian society. The question is why does Estonian society move so slow towards dual earner/dual carer family model? The dissertation concentrates on dual carer component of the model and on the division of care responsibilities between men and women. The dissertation is based on three interrelated, original studies focussing on different dimensions of parental leave and its gender implications. The studies suggest that the lack of a gender equality perspective in Estonian policy making is partially due to the coercive ideology of gender equality in the Soviet Union and late acknowledgement of father’s role in the family. Caring for a child is not part of the hegemonic masculinity in Estonia – men do not feel that their participation in childcare expected or accepted and are afraid of negative consequences of atypical choice. Research also showed that different images of parenthood determine the understanding of parent’s role in child’s development and influence father’s intention to stay on parental leave. From the point of view of dual earner/dual carer model it is also significant to what extent has the familisation of fathers lead to the defamilisation of mothers. When women continue being the main carers and fathers can step up or in when it is suitable for their masculine life-course, the current gender order and hegemonic masculinity will not be much questioned or challenged.
The aim of the dissertation is to analyse the division of childcare between men and women in Estonian society. The question is why does Estonian society move so slow towards dual earner/dual carer family model? The dissertation concentrates on dual carer component of the model and on the division of care responsibilities between men and women. The dissertation is based on three interrelated, original studies focussing on different dimensions of parental leave and its gender implications. The studies suggest that the lack of a gender equality perspective in Estonian policy making is partially due to the coercive ideology of gender equality in the Soviet Union and late acknowledgement of father’s role in the family. Caring for a child is not part of the hegemonic masculinity in Estonia – men do not feel that their participation in childcare expected or accepted and are afraid of negative consequences of atypical choice. Research also showed that different images of parenthood determine the understanding of parent’s role in child’s development and influence father’s intention to stay on parental leave. From the point of view of dual earner/dual carer model it is also significant to what extent has the familisation of fathers lead to the defamilisation of mothers. When women continue being the main carers and fathers can step up or in when it is suitable for their masculine life-course, the current gender order and hegemonic masculinity will not be much questioned or challenged.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.
Märksõnad
vanemapuhkus, lapsehoolduspuhkus, isad, Eesti, perepoliitika, perekonnauuringud, perekonnasotsioloogia, parental leave, fathers, Estonia