Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis integrated with human gene-regulatory networks provides mechanistic insights of advanced atherosclerosis in men and women
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Ajakirja pealkiri
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Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
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Südame-veresoonkonna haigused (KVH), mida peamiselt põhjustab ateroskleroos, põhjustavad igal aastal 17,9 miljonit surmajuhtumit, mis teeb neist ülemaailmse surma peamise põhjuse. Ateroskleroos on progresseeruv seisund, mida mõjutavad geneetika, keskkond ja ainevahetus ning mis hõlmab lipiidide kogunemist, oksüdeerumist ja põletikku arteriseintes.
See väitekiri uurib ateroskleroosi kolme lähenemisviisi abil:
1. STARNET-uuring: Süsteemitasemel arusaam: STARNET-uuring (Stockholm-Tartu ateroskleroosi pöördvõrgu inseneriülesanne) on suurim inimese geeniekspressiooni geneetika uuring KVH kohta. Analüüsiti RNA sekveneerimise andmeid 850 patsiendilt (600 südame isheemiatõvega, 250 ilma selleta) erinevatest ateroskleroosiga seotud kudedest (aordi sein, seesmine rinnakasti arter, maks, skeletilihas, rasv). Geneetiliste, kliiniliste ja RNA sekveneerimise andmete integreerimise abil tuvastas STARNET 224 geeniregulatoorset koekspressioonivõrgustikku (GRN), mis selgitavad üle 54% CAD pärilikkusest.
2. Sümptomaatiliste patsientide unearteri naastude üheraku RNA sekveneerimine (scRNA-seq): see lähenemisviis keskendus ateroskleroosi progresseerumise rakulise heterogeensuse mõistmisele. SMART-Seq2 tehnoloogia kasutamine 15 unearteri naastul (7 naist, 8 meest; 7 asümptomaatilist, 8 sümptomaatilist) näitas veresoonte rakkude suurt plastilisust, sealhulgas dedifferentseerumist ja transdifferentseerumist, ning tuvastas seni geenirikkaimad ateroskleroosi alamklastrid, pakkudes üksikasjalikku ülevaadet haiguse rakulisest mitmekesisusest.
3. Soospetsiifilised erinevused ateroskleroosi korral: bioloogiline sugu mõjutab oluliselt unearteri stenoosi, ateroskleroosi ja kardiovaskulaarset riski, mida mõjutavad vanus ja menopaus. ScRNA-seq analüüs tuvastas unearteri naastude subtsellulaarsetes klastrites soopõhised erinevused. Naistel oli rohkem osteogeenseid silelihasrakke, immuunsüsteemi reguleerivaid makrofaage ja mesenhümaalses üleminekus olevaid endoteelirakke. Meestel oli rohkem kondrotsüütidetaolisi silelihasrakke, kudesid ümberkujundavaid makrofaage ja angiogeenseid endoteelirakke.
Need scRNA uuringud, mis on integreeritud STARNET GRN-idega, kinnitasid, et GRN39 ja GRN195 on meestel vastavalt silelihasrakkude transformatsiooni ja endoteelirakkude proliferatsiooni jaoks kriitilise tähtsusega.
Üldiselt annab see dissertatsioon ülevaate ateroskleroosi arengust inimestel, keskendudes (geeni) süsteemide võrgustikele, ainevahetusorganitele ja võtmerakkude tüüpide soospetsiifilisele transdiferentseerumisele, tuues esile potentsiaalsed terapeutilised sihtmärgid.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), primarily driven by atherosclerosis, cause 17.9 million deaths annually, making them the leading global cause of death. Atherosclerosis is a progressive condition influenced by genetics, environment, and metabolism, involving lipid accumulation, oxidation, and inflammation within arterial walls. This thesis investigates atherosclerosis using three approaches: 1.The STARNET Study: A Systems-Level Understanding: The STARNET (Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task) study is the largest human genetics-of-gene expression study for CVD. RNA-seq data from 850 living donors (600 with CAD, 250 without) across various atherosclerosis-relevant tissues (aortic wall, mammary artery, liver, skeletal muscle, fat) was analyzed. By integrating genetic, clinical, and RNA-seq data, STARNET identified 224 gene-regulatory co-expression networks (GRNs), explaining over 54% of CAD heritability. 2. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) of symptomatic carotid plaques: This approach focused on understanding cellular heterogeneity in atherosclerosis progression. Using SMART-Seq2 technology on 15 carotid plaques (7 females, 8 males; 7 asymptomatic, 8 symptomatic) revealed high plasticity of vascular cells, including dedifferentiation and trans-differentiation, and identified the most gene-rich atherosclerosis subclusters to date, providing detailed insights into the disease's cellular landscape. 3. Sex-specific differences in atherosclerosis: Biological sex significantly impacts carotid stenosis, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk, influenced by age and menopause. ScRNA-seq analysis uncovered sex-biased differences in subcellular clusters within carotid plaques. Females showed more osteogenic smooth muscle cells, immune-regulating macrophages, and endothelial cells undergoing mesenchymal transition. Males had more chondrocyte-like smooth muscle cells, tissue-remodeling macrophages, and angiogenic endothelial cells. These scRNA insights, integrated with STARNET GRNs, validated GRN39 and GRN195 as critical for smooth muscle cell transformation and endothelial cell proliferation in males, respectively. Overall, this dissertation provides insights into atherosclerosis development in humans, focusing on (gene) systems networks, metabolic organs, and sex-specific trans-differentiation of key cell types, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), primarily driven by atherosclerosis, cause 17.9 million deaths annually, making them the leading global cause of death. Atherosclerosis is a progressive condition influenced by genetics, environment, and metabolism, involving lipid accumulation, oxidation, and inflammation within arterial walls. This thesis investigates atherosclerosis using three approaches: 1.The STARNET Study: A Systems-Level Understanding: The STARNET (Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task) study is the largest human genetics-of-gene expression study for CVD. RNA-seq data from 850 living donors (600 with CAD, 250 without) across various atherosclerosis-relevant tissues (aortic wall, mammary artery, liver, skeletal muscle, fat) was analyzed. By integrating genetic, clinical, and RNA-seq data, STARNET identified 224 gene-regulatory co-expression networks (GRNs), explaining over 54% of CAD heritability. 2. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) of symptomatic carotid plaques: This approach focused on understanding cellular heterogeneity in atherosclerosis progression. Using SMART-Seq2 technology on 15 carotid plaques (7 females, 8 males; 7 asymptomatic, 8 symptomatic) revealed high plasticity of vascular cells, including dedifferentiation and trans-differentiation, and identified the most gene-rich atherosclerosis subclusters to date, providing detailed insights into the disease's cellular landscape. 3. Sex-specific differences in atherosclerosis: Biological sex significantly impacts carotid stenosis, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk, influenced by age and menopause. ScRNA-seq analysis uncovered sex-biased differences in subcellular clusters within carotid plaques. Females showed more osteogenic smooth muscle cells, immune-regulating macrophages, and endothelial cells undergoing mesenchymal transition. Males had more chondrocyte-like smooth muscle cells, tissue-remodeling macrophages, and angiogenic endothelial cells. These scRNA insights, integrated with STARNET GRNs, validated GRN39 and GRN195 as critical for smooth muscle cell transformation and endothelial cell proliferation in males, respectively. Overall, this dissertation provides insights into atherosclerosis development in humans, focusing on (gene) systems networks, metabolic organs, and sex-specific trans-differentiation of key cell types, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.
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