Style of Old Greek Job. Its value for textual, literary, and redaction criticism of Hebrew Job
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Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstrakt
Iiobi raamat, üks heebrea piibli (Vana Testamendi) poeetilistest raamatutest, tõlgiti esmakordselt vanakreeka keelde umbes 2. sajandi keskel eKr Aleksandria linnas.
See doktoritöö uuris kümmet kõnet Iiobi raamatu vanakreekakeelses tõlkes (OG Iiob), et välja selgitada, kas ja kuidas peegeldavad tõlkija stiililised ja poeetilised pingutused tolleaegse heebreakeelse teksti seisu. Uuritavate kõnede hulgas olevad kõned on mitmekesised heebrea keele tekstiprobleemide, kreeka keelest välja jäetud lõikude ja kogupikkuse osas, andes suurepärase võimaluse uurida tõlkija tegevust eri olukordades.
Uurimine näitas, et kuigi Iiobi raamatu vanakreekakeelne tõlge ei ole luule, on see luuleliselt stiliseeritud ja struktureeritud stroofidena, mis peegeldavad heebrea tekstis nähtavat struktuuri, aga kalduvad sellest ka kõrvale. Lisaks leiti, et teksti muudatuste tegemisel võttis tõlkija enamasti arvesse kogu stroofi või isegi mitut stroofi. OG Iiobi raamat annab tunnistust sellest, et stroofiline struktuur on nähtav mitte ainult tänapäeva teadlastele, kellel on võimekus ja võimalus teksti oma äranägemise järgi vormistada, vaid see oli nähtav juba vähemalt ühele antiikaja tõlkijale, nimelt OG tõlkijale, kellel oli tõenäoliselt ees vaid käsitsi kirjutatud rull.
See doktoritöö tõestas, et tõlkija oli tundlik oma lähteteksti tekstiprobleemide suhtes, mis olid seotud käsikirja rikutuse ja oletatavate hilisemate lisandustega heebreakeelsesse teksti. Kõige olulisem on see, et saame kinnitada, et enamikul juhtudel oli OG Iiobi lähtetekst sisuliselt sama nagu heebreakeelne tekst, mida kasutame tänapäeval, sisaldades juba toona paljusid oletatavaid laiendusi, ebakorrapärasusi, mitmetähenduslikkusi ja keerukusi, mida tänapäevalgi. Uurimise käigus leiti siiski mitu lõiku, mis lähtetekstis võisid puududa. Tõlkija lahknevused tulenevad valdavalt tõlgenduslikest, stiililistest ja poeetilistest otsustest, mitte radikaalselt erinevast heebreakeelsest allikast. Kui lähtetekst oli väga keeruline või rikutud, otsustas tõlkija enamasti ikkagi ise luua sisukaid värsse ja stroofe fragmentidest, selle asemel et neid välja jätta. Suuremad väljajätmised tundusid pigem olevat tingitud sisu kordumisest või sobimatusest kui tekstilistest raskustest.
The Book of Job, one of the poetic books in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), was first translated into Ancient Greek approximately in the middle of the 2nd century BCE, in the city of Alexandria. This dissertation studied ten speeches across the Old Greek (OG) translation of the book of Job in an attempt to find out whether and how the translator’s stylistic and poetic efforts reflect the state of the Hebrew text at the time. The choice of speeches under study reflects a variety in terms of textual problems in Hebrew, passages left out in Greek, and overall length, giving the perfect opportunity to survey the translator’s activities across the multilayered source-text. The study established that, although not poetry, the OG translation of Job is poetically stylised and structured in strophes, both reflecting the structure that can be seen in the Hebrew text but also deviating from it. It was further found that when introducing changes into the text, the translator more often than not, took the whole strophe or even several strophes into account. OG Job gives testament to the fact that not only is the strophic structure visible to today’s scholars who have the capability and opportunity to format the text as they like, it was already visible to at least one of the ancient translators, the OG translator, who probably only had a handwritten scroll at their disposal. This dissertation proved that the translator was sensitive to textual issues in their source text, related to corruptions in the manuscript and suspected later additions to body of the Hebrew text. Most importantly, we can confirm that in most cases the source text of OG Job was essentially the same text as the received Hebrew text, already containing many of the suspected expansions, irregularities, ambiguities, and complexities we see today. The study did find several sections, however, that might have been missing in the source text. The translator’s divergences are overwhelmingly due to interpretive, stylistic, and poetic choices, not a radically different Hebrew source. Where the source text was very difficult or corrupt, in the majority of the cases, the translator opted to still construct meaningful verses and strophes out of bits and pieces, rather than omit them. Larger omissions seemed rather to be due to redundancy or unsuitability of the contents rather than textual difficulties.
The Book of Job, one of the poetic books in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), was first translated into Ancient Greek approximately in the middle of the 2nd century BCE, in the city of Alexandria. This dissertation studied ten speeches across the Old Greek (OG) translation of the book of Job in an attempt to find out whether and how the translator’s stylistic and poetic efforts reflect the state of the Hebrew text at the time. The choice of speeches under study reflects a variety in terms of textual problems in Hebrew, passages left out in Greek, and overall length, giving the perfect opportunity to survey the translator’s activities across the multilayered source-text. The study established that, although not poetry, the OG translation of Job is poetically stylised and structured in strophes, both reflecting the structure that can be seen in the Hebrew text but also deviating from it. It was further found that when introducing changes into the text, the translator more often than not, took the whole strophe or even several strophes into account. OG Job gives testament to the fact that not only is the strophic structure visible to today’s scholars who have the capability and opportunity to format the text as they like, it was already visible to at least one of the ancient translators, the OG translator, who probably only had a handwritten scroll at their disposal. This dissertation proved that the translator was sensitive to textual issues in their source text, related to corruptions in the manuscript and suspected later additions to body of the Hebrew text. Most importantly, we can confirm that in most cases the source text of OG Job was essentially the same text as the received Hebrew text, already containing many of the suspected expansions, irregularities, ambiguities, and complexities we see today. The study did find several sections, however, that might have been missing in the source text. The translator’s divergences are overwhelmingly due to interpretive, stylistic, and poetic choices, not a radically different Hebrew source. Where the source text was very difficult or corrupt, in the majority of the cases, the translator opted to still construct meaningful verses and strophes out of bits and pieces, rather than omit them. Larger omissions seemed rather to be due to redundancy or unsuitability of the contents rather than textual difficulties.
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