Structure and blood supply of the superior part of the shoulder joint capsule
Date
2018-03-16
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Abstract
Õlaliiges on üks inimese liikuvamaid liigeseid. Omavahel liigestuvad õlavarreluu suur pea ja abaluu väike liigeseõõnsus. Liigesekihn, mis ümbritseb õlaliigest, on avar, õhuke ja lõtv. Seda tugevdavad sidemed ning lihaselis-kõõluseline rotaatormansett. Õlaliigese ülaosas asub subakromiaalne limapaun, mille alumine osa on ühenduses rotaatormanseti kõõlustega. Õlaliiges on oma ulatusliku liikuvuse tõttu seotud rohkete vigastustega: õlaliigese nihestused, limapauna pitsumised, rotaatormanseti lihaste ja kõõluste põletikud ning rebendid. Üle 40-aastastest inimestest 30%-l esineb kahjustusi õlaliigeses ning vanuse kasvades ilmneb märgatav tendents liigesevigastuste tõusule. Need vigastused põhjustavad õlavalu, mis pärsib inimeste igapäevast käelist tegevust ja alandab elukvaliteeti. Vigastuste üheks olulisemaks tekkepõhjuseks peetakse vähenenud verevarustust. Samas on viimase 30 aastaga suurenenud õlaliigese artroskoopiliste operatsioonide osakaal ja paranenud magnetresonantsdiagnostika meetodi tundlikkus, mis mõlemad vajavad üha rohkem struktuuride detailset anatoomilist kirjeldust. Seetõttu keskendusime käesolevas uurimistöös õlaliigese kapsli ülaosa struktuuride ja nende verevarustuse kirjeldamisele.
Doktoritöö uuringud viisime läbi Lübecki Ülikooli anatoomia instituudile annetatud õlaliigestel. Nii lateksmassiga süstitud kui süstimata arteritega õlaliigestel kasutasime anatoomilist dissektsioonimeetodit. Nii Lübecki kui Tartu Ülikooli anatoomia instituudis rakendasime mikrostruktuuride kirjeldamiseks histoloogilist ja immunohistoloogilist uurimismeetodit. Uurimistöö tulemusena leidsime, et õlaliigese kapsli ülaosas asuvad sidemed on anatoomiliselt püsivad struktuurid ja hästi verega varustatud. Liigesekapsli ülemises piirkonnas paikneva limapauna alumine sein on otseses kontaktis rotaatormanseti kõõlustega ja nende struktuuride verevarustus toimub ühiste arterite kaudu. Kokkuvõttes võib öelda, et uurimistöö tulemused täiendavad meie teadmisi õlaliigese ülemise kapsli anatoomiliste struktuuride osas ja aitavad kirurgidel ära hoida avatud ja artroskoopiliste operatsioonidega seotud komplikatsioone.
The shoulder joint is one of the most mobile joints of the human body. It joins the relatively large humerus head and the small scapular cavity; therefore, the joint cavity is enlarged by the glenoid labrum. The joint capsule that surrounds the shoulder joint is spacious, thin, and slack; it is strengthened by ligaments and a rotator cuff consisting of muscles and tendons. In the upper part of the shoulder joint is the subacromial bursa, the lower part of which is connected with the tendons of the rotator cuff. Because of its extensive mobility, the shoulder joint is prone to numerous injuries such as shoulder joint dislocations, bursal impingements inflammations and ruptures of rotator cuff muscles and tendons. Shoulder damage occurs in 30% of people over 40 years of age, and with aging this percentage shows notable tendency to increase. These injuries cause shoulder pain, which restricts people’s everyday manual activities and lowers their quality of life. One of the main causes of these injuries can be decreased blood supply. On the other hand, in the last 30 years, the share of arthroscopic shoulder joint operations has increased, and the sensitivity of the magnetic resonance diagnostics method has improved, increasing the need for detailed anatomical description of structures. Therefore, the main attention in our study was concentrated on description of the structures of the upper part of the shoulder joint capsule and its blood supply. The studies of this doctoral dissertation were conducted on shoulder joints donated to the Institute of Anatomy of Lübeck University. In our study, we applied the anatomical dissection method with and without arterial injection with latex solution. To describe the microstructures, we applied histological and immunohistochemical research methods at the Institutes of Anatomy of the Universities of Tartu and Lübeck. As a result of our research, we found that the ligaments in the upper part of the shoulder joint capsule are anatomically stable structures that are well supplied with blood. The lower wall of the bursa in the upper region of the joint capsule is in direct contact with the tendons of the rotator cuff, and these structures are supplied with blood through the same arteries. In conclusion, it can be said that the results of this research increase our knowledge of the anatomical structures of the upper part of the shoulder joint capsule.
The shoulder joint is one of the most mobile joints of the human body. It joins the relatively large humerus head and the small scapular cavity; therefore, the joint cavity is enlarged by the glenoid labrum. The joint capsule that surrounds the shoulder joint is spacious, thin, and slack; it is strengthened by ligaments and a rotator cuff consisting of muscles and tendons. In the upper part of the shoulder joint is the subacromial bursa, the lower part of which is connected with the tendons of the rotator cuff. Because of its extensive mobility, the shoulder joint is prone to numerous injuries such as shoulder joint dislocations, bursal impingements inflammations and ruptures of rotator cuff muscles and tendons. Shoulder damage occurs in 30% of people over 40 years of age, and with aging this percentage shows notable tendency to increase. These injuries cause shoulder pain, which restricts people’s everyday manual activities and lowers their quality of life. One of the main causes of these injuries can be decreased blood supply. On the other hand, in the last 30 years, the share of arthroscopic shoulder joint operations has increased, and the sensitivity of the magnetic resonance diagnostics method has improved, increasing the need for detailed anatomical description of structures. Therefore, the main attention in our study was concentrated on description of the structures of the upper part of the shoulder joint capsule and its blood supply. The studies of this doctoral dissertation were conducted on shoulder joints donated to the Institute of Anatomy of Lübeck University. In our study, we applied the anatomical dissection method with and without arterial injection with latex solution. To describe the microstructures, we applied histological and immunohistochemical research methods at the Institutes of Anatomy of the Universities of Tartu and Lübeck. As a result of our research, we found that the ligaments in the upper part of the shoulder joint capsule are anatomically stable structures that are well supplied with blood. The lower wall of the bursa in the upper region of the joint capsule is in direct contact with the tendons of the rotator cuff, and these structures are supplied with blood through the same arteries. In conclusion, it can be said that the results of this research increase our knowledge of the anatomical structures of the upper part of the shoulder joint capsule.
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