Teachers’ opinions on aspects related to the choice of learning materials
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Ajakirja pealkiri
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Kirjastaja
Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstrakt
Õpetaja professionaalsuse juures on olulised otsustusõigus ja oskus valida asjakohast õppevara. Doktoritöö eesmärk oli välja selgitada lasteaia- ja esimese kooliastme õpetajate arvamused õppevara valimisega seotud aspektidest. Selgus, et kui lasteaiaõpetajatel on peaaegu täielik vabadus valida endale ja lastele sobivat õppevara, on esimese kooliastme õpetajatel võimalik vaid mõningal määral õppevara valikul kaasa rääkida. Kognitiivsed ja afektiivsed eesmärgid on õppevara valikul kesksel kohal, neid pidasid võrdselt oluliseks nii lasteaia- kui ka esimese kooliastme õpetajad. Metakognitiivseid eesmärke hindasid esimese kooliastme õpetajad lasteaiaõpetajatega võrreldes olulisemaks. Õppevara valimise kohta nimetasid õpetajad erinevaid põhimõtteid, mida sai jagada nelja rühma: vastavus õppekavale, sisu ja ülesannete mitmekesisus, sisu ja ülesannete selgus ja arusaadavus ning välised tegurid. Õpetajad ei tähtsustanud õppevara valiku juures mängulisust. Lasteaiaõpetajad nimetasid keeleõppemängude valiku põhimõtteid, näiteks teise keele oskuse arendamist, lapse individuaalsusega arvestamist ja teadmiste kujundamist. Lasteaiaõpetajad pidasid keeleõppemänge valides oluliseks, et need arvestaksid laste erineva keeletaseme ja huvidega ning aitaksid arendada kõiki õppe- ja kasvatustegevuste valdkondi. Et teha kindlaks, millised on tegurid, mis lasteaia- ja esimese kooliastme õpetajate arvates mõjutavad nende õppevara valikut, kasutati Bronfenbrenneri ökoloogilist mudelit. Makrotasandi tegurid hõlmasid õppekava ja kirjastajate järgimist. Mesotasand puudutas ümbritsevate isikute (nt juhtkonna, kolleegide ja õpilaste) mõju. Mikrotasandi tegurid olid seotud õpetajate teadmiste ja kogemustega, kus peamiselt mõjutas õpetajate arvates õppevara valimist töökogemus.
Among the various aspects of a teacher’s professionalism, decision-making, and the ability to choose the learning materials are essential. The doctoral thesis aimed to determine the opinions of pre- and primary school teachers on aspects related to the choice of learning materials. The findings showed that preschool teachers have almost complete freedom to choose learning materials. Primary school teachers do not have the same freedom, but they do have the opportunity to choose learning materials to some extent. Cognitive and affective goals are central to the choice of learning materials, and were considered equally important by both preschool and primary school teachers. Metacognitive goals were considered more important by primary school teachers than by preschool teachers. Teachers mentioned different principles for choosing materials, which could be divided into four groups: following the curriculum, diversity of content and tasks, clarity and comprehensibility of content and tasks, and external factors. Teachers did not attach importance to playfulness when choosing learning materials. Preschool teachers emphasised the principles for selecting language learning games, focusing on the development of second language skills, consideration of the child’s individuality, and fostering knowledge. When choosing language learning games, teachers find it important to consider children’s different language levels and interests, and help develop other areas of learning. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model was used to determine the factors that pre- and primary school teachers believe influence their choice of learning materials. Macro-level factors included adherence to the curriculum and the use of publishers. The meso-level concerned the influence of surrounding individuals (e.g., management, colleagues, and students). Micro-level factors were related to teachers’ knowledge and experience, where teachers believed that work experience mainly influenced their choice of learning materials.
Among the various aspects of a teacher’s professionalism, decision-making, and the ability to choose the learning materials are essential. The doctoral thesis aimed to determine the opinions of pre- and primary school teachers on aspects related to the choice of learning materials. The findings showed that preschool teachers have almost complete freedom to choose learning materials. Primary school teachers do not have the same freedom, but they do have the opportunity to choose learning materials to some extent. Cognitive and affective goals are central to the choice of learning materials, and were considered equally important by both preschool and primary school teachers. Metacognitive goals were considered more important by primary school teachers than by preschool teachers. Teachers mentioned different principles for choosing materials, which could be divided into four groups: following the curriculum, diversity of content and tasks, clarity and comprehensibility of content and tasks, and external factors. Teachers did not attach importance to playfulness when choosing learning materials. Preschool teachers emphasised the principles for selecting language learning games, focusing on the development of second language skills, consideration of the child’s individuality, and fostering knowledge. When choosing language learning games, teachers find it important to consider children’s different language levels and interests, and help develop other areas of learning. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model was used to determine the factors that pre- and primary school teachers believe influence their choice of learning materials. Macro-level factors included adherence to the curriculum and the use of publishers. The meso-level concerned the influence of surrounding individuals (e.g., management, colleagues, and students). Micro-level factors were related to teachers’ knowledge and experience, where teachers believed that work experience mainly influenced their choice of learning materials.
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