The formation of gender and sexual identities under capitalist realism: putting Judith Butler and Mark Fisher into dialogue

Abstract

The present thesis delves into the construction of gender and sexual identities within the framework of capitalist realism. Specifically, it investigates the influence of capitalism on our perceptions of gender and sexual identities, encompassing both self-identification and our recognition of others. Drawing primarily on Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity and Mark Fisher's theory of capitalist realism, the thesis seeks to establish a dialogue between these authors. By facilitating this dialogue, the thesis aims to bridge the theoretical gap between gender and queer theory and political philosophy. It seeks to enhance the political-philosophical dimension of Butler's theory while exploring the potential for analysing gender identities through Fisher's discourse on capitalist realism. Through this exploration, the thesis intends to illuminate the theoretical intersections between Butler's gender theory and Fisher's theory of capitalist realism, highlighting both areas of agreement and points of contention. Ultimately, it endeavours to achieve a dialectical resolution of these major points of disagreement. In conclusion, this thesis contends that Fisher's theory of ‘Capitalist realism’ situates the political phenomenon of capitalism within a psychological context, enabling an exploration of the psychological underpinnings of our prevailing social order. Conversely, Butler places the primarily psychological constructs of gender and sexual identity within a broader socio-political framework. Intersecting the authors’ theories allowed for an understanding of how capitalism perpetuates gender inequalities and vice versa.