Teoloogilised voolud Eesti Evangeeliumi Luteri Usu Kirikus aastatel 1917–1934
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Abstrakt
Doktoritöös kirjeldatakse luteri kirikus aastatel 1917–1934 eksisteerinud teoloogiliste voolude kujunemist ja tegevust ning analüüsitakse voolude mõju kirikus toimunud kirikukorralduslikule ja teoloogilisele diskussioonile. Eelneva taustal jälgitakse kiriku õpetuslike ja kirikukorralduslike põhialuste arengut.
Luteri kirikus, mis määratles end 1917. a vaba rahvakirikuna, kujunesid organisatsiooni asutamise järel välja kolm teoloogilist voolu: liberaalne, konservatiivne ja kiriklik-konfessionaalne. Voolude esilekerkimise ja moodustumise põhjuseks olid vaimulikkonnas valitsenud teoloogilised erimeelsused, ajendiks aga vaba rahvakiriku korraldus. Selle teoloogiliselt liberaalne tõlgendus ja selle mõjul 1918. aastal muudetud õpetusaluste paragrahv põhjustasid kirikus aastatel 1922–1925 teoloogiliste voolude esindajate vahel terava vastasseisu. Vaidluste ja kokkupõrgete tulemusena muutus vaba rahvakiriku kontseptsiooni tõlgendus senisest konservatiivsemaks ja kirikus algatati liberaalse voolu juhtivate vaimulike suhtes nn ketseriprotsessid. Liberaalse ja konservatiivse voolu esindajate kogudused registreerisid end oma vaadete kaitsmiseks ülejäänud kirikust erinevate põhikirjade alusel ja mitmedki kogudused tegutsesid järgnevatel aastatel iseseisvatena. Seetõttu asusid kiriklik-konfessionaalse voolu esindajad aastatel 1925–1934 võitlema kiriku organisatsiooni ühtsuse eest, vastandudes nii alalhoidlikule, eriti aga liberaalse voolu kogudustele ja vaimulikele. 1934. aastal sõlmiti kirikus küll rahu, kuid et õpetuslikud erimeelsused jäid varjutama ka järgmiste aastate kirikuelu, jätkusid kokkupõrked kuni Eesti iseseisvuse kaotuseni 1940. aastal.
The aim of this thesis is to describe the rise and activity of theological factions in the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church and analyse their impact on the administrative and theological discussions in the church from 1917 to 1934. This is the prerequisite to answering the main question – how and to what extent did these factions, the administrative discussions between their representatives and the political struggle inside the church influence the views of the clergy and lay members on the teaching and organisation of the church and the image of the church in general. In the Lutheran church, after its establishment in 1917 as a free people’s church, three theological factions were formed: conservative, liberal and ecclesiastic-confessional. Different views on theology formed the basis for the rise and formation of these factions. The inducement to the formation was the implementation of the free people’s church order. Its theologically liberal interpretation and as a result of the interpretation the alteration of the confession paragraph in the churches’ constitution caused fervent discussions and a conflict between different factions in 1922–1925. In the course of the conflict the interpretation of the free people’s church became more conservative and as a sign of this shift several heretic-trials were initiated to expel the reverends of liberal faction from the church. Due to the conflict the representatives of liberal and conservative faction decided to register their own congregation constitutions independently. Therefore several congregations acted in 1925–1934 independently. Their aspiration was hampered by the representatives of ecclesiastic-confessional faction, who began to fight for the preservation of a united church, this way opposing to the other two factions. In 1934 a peace was reached between different groups, but as different opinions in theology remained, the conflicts continued until Estonia was occupied in 1940.
The aim of this thesis is to describe the rise and activity of theological factions in the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church and analyse their impact on the administrative and theological discussions in the church from 1917 to 1934. This is the prerequisite to answering the main question – how and to what extent did these factions, the administrative discussions between their representatives and the political struggle inside the church influence the views of the clergy and lay members on the teaching and organisation of the church and the image of the church in general. In the Lutheran church, after its establishment in 1917 as a free people’s church, three theological factions were formed: conservative, liberal and ecclesiastic-confessional. Different views on theology formed the basis for the rise and formation of these factions. The inducement to the formation was the implementation of the free people’s church order. Its theologically liberal interpretation and as a result of the interpretation the alteration of the confession paragraph in the churches’ constitution caused fervent discussions and a conflict between different factions in 1922–1925. In the course of the conflict the interpretation of the free people’s church became more conservative and as a sign of this shift several heretic-trials were initiated to expel the reverends of liberal faction from the church. Due to the conflict the representatives of liberal and conservative faction decided to register their own congregation constitutions independently. Therefore several congregations acted in 1925–1934 independently. Their aspiration was hampered by the representatives of ecclesiastic-confessional faction, who began to fight for the preservation of a united church, this way opposing to the other two factions. In 1934 a peace was reached between different groups, but as different opinions in theology remained, the conflicts continued until Estonia was occupied in 1940.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
Eesti, luterlik kirik, kirikulugu, kirikukorraldus, kirikukogud, luterlus, teoloogia, liberaalne teoloogia, diskussioonid, ajalooline teoloogia, usulised konfliktid, 1917-1934, Estonia, Lutheran Church, ecclesiastical history, religious conflicts, liberal theology, historical theology