Kellel peaks olema õigus valida ja kas igaühel peaks olema võrdne hääl?
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Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Tartu Ülikool
Abstrakt
Käesolev töö uuris küsimust, kellel peaks olema valimisõigus ja kas igal kodanikul peaks olema võrdne hääl. Eesmärgiks oli selgitada, millistel tingimustel on valimisõiguse piiramine demokraatias õigustatud, ning milliseid filosoofilisi argumente saab selliste piirangute toetuseks või vastu kasutada. Analüüs keskendus kahele mõjukale lähenemisele: Jason Brennani pädevuspõhisele teooriale ja Robert Dahli ning Robert Goodini „all affected interests“ printsiibile ning rakendas neid Eesti juhtumile, kus arutatakse Vene kodanike valimisõiguse piiramist kohalikel omavalitsuse valimistel.
Kirjeldus
This bachelor's thesis examines under what conditions restricting voting rights in a democracy is justified and whether every citizen should have an equal vote. The focus is on Estonia's 2025 political proposal to limit the voting rights of Russian citizens in local elections, citing security concerns and issues of loyalty. The aim of this thesis is to assess whether such a restriction aligns with the core values of democracy. The theoretical framework of the thesis is based on two philosophical approaches. First, Jason Brennan’s competence-based theory is discussed, which argues that only those who are sufficiently informed and act for the common good should vote. However, Brennan does not support legal restrictions, instead emphasizing the individual ethical responsibility of the voter. Second, Robert Dahl and Robert Goodin's "all affected interests" principle is analyzed, according to which voting rights should belong to all those who are directly affected by political decisions, regardless of citizenship. The analysis of the Estonian case shows that neither approach supports restricting voting rights solely based on citizenship. For Brennan, such an approach is too collectivist and insufficiently justified, while from Dahl and Goodin’s perspective, it undermines the legitimacy and representativeness of democracy. The thesis concludes that restricting voting rights may be justified in certain cases, but it requires strict ethical and practical justification. Mere political loyalty or security concerns are not sufficient grounds for limiting this right.
Märksõnad
filosoofia, philosophy, valimised, elections, valimisõigus, demokraatia, democracy