The role of outdoor recess opportunities, schoolyard design, and parents in encouraging physical activity in school among 9–13-year-old students
Laen...
Kuupäev
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstrakt
Ebapiisav kehaline aktiivsus (KA) on üha suurenev probleem laste ja noorte seas. Ülemaailmselt kõigest kolmandik lastest täidab Maailma Terviseorganisatsiooni kehalise aktiivsuse soovitust olla igapäevaselt keskmiselt vähemalt 60 minutit mõõduka kuni tugeva intensiivsusega KA (MTKA) (43% Eesti lastest ja noortest). Selle probleemi lahendamiseks on oluline roll koolikeskkonnal. Õuevahetundide kasutamine on näidanud positiivset mõju õpilaste KA-le, kuid Eestis ei ole see tavapärane osa koolipäevast. Paljud koolid alles alustamas selle lisamisega enda päevakavva. Samuti on viimaste aastate jooksul mitmeid koolihoove uuendatud, et muuta need õpilaste jaoks huvitavamaks ning liikuma kutsuvamaks.
Sellest tulenevalt oli käesoleva doktoritöö eesmärk kaardistada koolihoovide võimalusi, mõõta õpilaste KA erinevates vahetundides ning hinnata, kuidas mõjutab õuevahetunni olemasolu õpilaste ja nende vanemate hoiakuid KA suhtes. Uuringus osales 15 kooli üle Eesti ning nendest koolidest võttis uuringust osa 967 õpilast 3.–6. klassist ning üks nende vanematest. Uuringu raames kaardistati koolihoovide võimalusi, vaadeldi õuevahetunde, mõõdeti õpilaste KA vahetunnis ning küsimustiku abil hinnati õpilaste ja vanemate hoiakuid õuevahetunni ja liikumisvõimaluste kohta koolis. Vahetunni võimaluste alusel jagati õpilased kolme gruppi: 1) igapäevane õuevahetund; 2) ebaregulaarne õuevahetund; 3) sisevahetund.
Doktoritöö tulemustest selgus, et enim toetasid õpilaste KA koolihoovis, suuremad ja looduslikumad koolihoovid. Õuevahetunni vaatlusest selgus, et looduslikud ala, kiiged ning erinevad ronimisvõimalused olid enim kasutatavad alas, kuid spordiväljakud, eriti kui õpilastel polnud võimalik kasutada erinevaid väikevahendeid olid kõige vähem kasutatud alad õuevahetunnis. Samuti leiti, et igapäevase õuevahetunniga õpilased olid vahetunni jooksul aktiivsemad ning nende MTKA vahetunnis ei vähenenud vanuse kasvades võrreldes õpilastega kahes teises grupis. Nii õpilastel kui ka lapsevanematel „igapäevase õuevahetunni“ grupis olid oluliselt positiivsemad hoiakud õuevahetunni, selle kasude ning liikumisvõimaluste kohta koolis võrreldes õpilaste ja lapsevanematega kahes teises grupis.
Antud töö tulemused tõstavad esile õuevahetunni kooli päevakavva lisamise olulisust ning rõhutavad õuevahetunni suurt potentsiaali õpilaste KA toetamisel ning tavapärase KA languse vähendamisel vanuse kasvades. Samuti pakuvad koolihoovi võimaluste ja õuevahetunni tegevuste kaardistamise tulemused praktilist informatsiooni uute koolihoovide ehitamiseks ning vanemate koolihoovide uuendamiseks
Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a growing health concern for children and adolescents globally, with only one-third meeting the World Health Organization's recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) daily (43% in Estonia). Consequently, it is important to find solutions to support the daily PA of children and adolescents. Schools offer a crucial setting to address this issue, particularly through outdoor recess, which has shown positive effects on student PA. Outdoor recess is a common part of the school day in many countries worldwide, but in Estonia, many schools are only in the beginning of the implementation phase. Additionally, in recent years, several schoolyards have been renovated to make them more interesting and activity-promoting for students. This dissertation aimed to map schoolyard opportunities, measure student PA during various recess types, and assess how outdoor recess influences attitudes towards PA among students and parents. The study involved 15 schools across Estonia, which varied in size and recess types. From these schools, 967 students in grades 3–6 and one of their parents participated in the study. Data collection involved mapping schoolyard features, observing outdoor recess, using accelerometers to measure PA during recess, and questionnaires to assess attitudes about PA. Based on recess types, students were divided into three groups: 1) daily outdoor recess, 2) irregular outdoor recess, and 3) indoor recess. The research revealed that larger, more natural schoolyards, often found in rural areas, best supported student PA. During outdoor recess, natural areas, swings, and climbing structures were most utilized, while sports fields were less used, especially without small equipment. Students with daily outdoor recess were more physically active during recess, and their MVPA levels did not decline with age, unlike other groups. Both students and parents in the “daily outdoor recess” group held significantly more positive attitudes towards outdoor recess, its benefits, and school PA opportunities. The results of this work highlight the importance of including outdoor recess in the school day schedule and emphasize the significant potential of outdoor recess in supporting students’ PA and reducing the typical decline in PA with increasing age. Additionally, the findings from mapping schoolyard opportunities and outdoor recess activities provide practical information for the construction of new schoolyards and the renovation of older ones.
Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a growing health concern for children and adolescents globally, with only one-third meeting the World Health Organization's recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) daily (43% in Estonia). Consequently, it is important to find solutions to support the daily PA of children and adolescents. Schools offer a crucial setting to address this issue, particularly through outdoor recess, which has shown positive effects on student PA. Outdoor recess is a common part of the school day in many countries worldwide, but in Estonia, many schools are only in the beginning of the implementation phase. Additionally, in recent years, several schoolyards have been renovated to make them more interesting and activity-promoting for students. This dissertation aimed to map schoolyard opportunities, measure student PA during various recess types, and assess how outdoor recess influences attitudes towards PA among students and parents. The study involved 15 schools across Estonia, which varied in size and recess types. From these schools, 967 students in grades 3–6 and one of their parents participated in the study. Data collection involved mapping schoolyard features, observing outdoor recess, using accelerometers to measure PA during recess, and questionnaires to assess attitudes about PA. Based on recess types, students were divided into three groups: 1) daily outdoor recess, 2) irregular outdoor recess, and 3) indoor recess. The research revealed that larger, more natural schoolyards, often found in rural areas, best supported student PA. During outdoor recess, natural areas, swings, and climbing structures were most utilized, while sports fields were less used, especially without small equipment. Students with daily outdoor recess were more physically active during recess, and their MVPA levels did not decline with age, unlike other groups. Both students and parents in the “daily outdoor recess” group held significantly more positive attitudes towards outdoor recess, its benefits, and school PA opportunities. The results of this work highlight the importance of including outdoor recess in the school day schedule and emphasize the significant potential of outdoor recess in supporting students’ PA and reducing the typical decline in PA with increasing age. Additionally, the findings from mapping schoolyard opportunities and outdoor recess activities provide practical information for the construction of new schoolyards and the renovation of older ones.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
doktoritööd