Sirvi Kuupäev , alustades "2012-03-15" järgi

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Huumori mõistmine nooremas koolieas epilepsiaga lastel
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Veromann, Kai-Riin; Tulviste, Tiia, juhendaja; Kolk, Anneli, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The present research aimed to compare humor comprehension in primary-school-aged healthy children and children suffering from epilepsy, and to examine whether the peculiarities in humor perception of preschool children with epilepsy that were found in Suits’s (2007) research (e.g. dichotomous response style and the tendency to regard aggressive and verbal jokes as less funny), remain unchanged as the child grows older. Participants were 131 Estonian children aged 7–10 (M = 8,40, SD = 0,93), of whom 100 made up the control and 31 the test group. A previously developed test (Suits, 2004) for evaluating preschool children’s humor comprehension was used. Results show that children with epilepsy assessed jokes as funnier and used different explanations than healthy children (especially in verbal humor), indicating a possibility that children with epilepsy reached the same developmental stage in humor perception in primary school that healthy children reached already before starting to attend school. Keywords: verbal and visual humor, epilepsy, primary-school-aged children
Elamustejanu küsimustiku psühhomeetrilised omadused ja toimimise soolised ning ealised iseärasused
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Vettik, Alar; Luuk, Aavo, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The aim of the present seminar thesis was to analyze the data collected using Sensation Seeking questionnaire replicated in Estonian [Original: Hammelstein, Roth & Brähler (2007) The Inventory of Sensation seeking (NISS)] and to adapt it. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were examined by exploratory factor analysis; the coefficient of reliability (Cronbach alpha) was calculated and re-testing validity of the questionnaire was examined. Sample was formed from pupils and students aged 11-52 years (N= 528). According to the results of factor analysis four out of eleven initial items loaded into Sensation Seeking factor. The differences in the extent of Sensation Seeking measure within different sex and age groups were studied. Used age groups were: I 11-13; II 14-16; III 17-19 and IV ≥ 20 years. Between sex and age groups some tendencies in differences were found: girls scored earlier and higher than boys in Sensation Seeking, whilst men during their adulthood scored higher in comparison to women. Tendencies found did not reach statistical significants. In addition, 12 items of the Sensation Seeking subscale taken from Impulsivity scale UPPS-P (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001; Cyders et al, 2007) were replicated in Estonian and used on (N=155) subjects together with the SS 4-items described above. As a result, twofactor Sensation Seeking scale consisting of eight items was created. The resulted Sensation Seeking scale scores were correlated with EPIP-NEO (Mõttus Pullmann, Allik, 2006) personality dimensions and positive correlations with all Extraversion facets were achieved.
Eesnäärmeprobleemid meestel on seotud alanenud ihaga
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Valgemäe, Edi; Aavik, Toivo, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The present study was designed to examine the associations between psychosexual factor like desire and prostate-related problems like erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in men. A cross-sectional survey was conducted a sample of 227 men (152 controls and 76 clinical) with the mean age of 52 years, how were asked to answer the questions about their sexual desire, prostatitis-related symptoms, erectile dysfunction and sexuality. The result were expected and indicate that erectile dysfunction and overall desire scale is negatively related so in controls and clinical (r=.63; r=.26), in dyadic sexual desire (r=.66; r=.33), with no sexual activities (r=.58; r=.37) and solitary sexual desire in controls (r=.25), with clinical were no connection. Erectile dysfunction and prostaterelated problems are positive correlated (r=-.45; r=-.22) and erectile dysfunction and lower urinate tract is like, in controls (r=-.33) and clinical (r=-.12). The result support previous studies in the hypothesis, emphasizing the need for further research in the field of sexual health. Keywords: desire, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms
Enesevõimendamine enesekohastes küsimustikes seoses enesehinnangu ja isiksuseomadustega
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Toomela, Emilie; Konstabel, Kenn, juhendaja; Raidvee, Aire, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The main goal of the present research was to study self-enhancement related to self-esteem and the five-factor personality traits. The OCQ self-inventory based on the signal detection theory was used to evaluate self-enhancement using the over-claiming techique. The creator of the questionnaire Delroy L. Paulhus is one of the top scientist in the field of selfenhancement research and his work is the main basis of the present research. In order to find suitable questionnaire items and adapt the original OCQ-150 to the Estonian cultural bounds school teachers were consulted with. The set of inventories presented to the respondents included five questionnaires. An OCQ test for evaluating self-enhancement, questionnaires of general and academic self-esteem, personality and social desirability. Different from earlier research where adults were studied, the respondents were 95 high-school seniors aged 17-19 years. It was found that better specialized knowledge nor higher general or academic self-esteem were not related to self-enhancement in this sample. The results showed that the BIDR and OCQ scores did not correlate significally and it is thus concluded that these two questionnaires may measure different aspects of self-enhancement. However, there was a connection between neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness with self-enhancement. Suprisingly, the correlation with neuroticism and extraversion was negative for both dimensions. Conscientiousness and self-enhancement correlated positively. Key words: self-enhancement, over-claiming, self-esteem, personality traits, questionnaire
Taustamuusika mõju ülesannete lahendamisele ekstravertidel ja introvertidel
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Toomistu, Tenno; Rauk, Marika, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The aim of the study was to measure the effect of different background music on the performance of extraverts and introverts in cognitive tasks. A 2x3 (extraversion x background conditions) factorial design was used. Cognitive tasks were: reading comprehension and free recall short-term memory test. The background conditions were the subjects’ favourite background music used for studying, monotonous music and silence. It was predicted that the results of extraverts would either improve or not vary; and that those of introverts either deteriorate or not vary. There were no main effects, although interactions were found in both music conditions. The results justify further studies on the effect of favourite background music on cognitive tasks. Keywords: background music, extraversion, introversion, short-term memory, reading comprehension
Korduvate mõtete küsimustiku adapteerimine eesti keelde
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Tallmeister, Birgit; Kastepõld-Tõrs, Kaia, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The main goal of the present thesis was to test the applicability of the Perseverative Thought Questionnaire (PTQ) in a sample of Estonian population. The sample consisted of 117 people who completed a battery of tests, including in addition to PTQ the EST-Q 2, DASS and TCQ questionnaires that were used to assess levels of depression and anxiety. The internal reliability of PTQ was excellent. The factor structure differed from the original, but parallels can be drawn between the PTQ and the original. The PTQ score was strongly correlated with the scores of EST-Q 2 and DASS; also, a significant difference was found between the PTQ scores of the clinical and non-clinical group. According to these results, PTQ can be considered reliable and valid. Keywords: depression, anxiety, worry, rumination, repetitive thinking
Demograafiliste muutujate mõju isiksuse seadumuste sotsiaalsele soovitavusele
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Tuppits, Deivi; Allik, Jüri, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The primary goal of the current study was to investigate the possible correlations between demographic factors and social desirability ratings of personality traits. To assess the ratings of social desirability the Estonian adaptation of NEO-PI-3 – the standard questionnaire of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) – was used with social desirability instructions. Informant ratings were compared with self-descriptions given by 1731 genedonors who had rated social desirability of personality traits using NEOPI- 3. Results show that the factor stucture of social desiarability ratings is similar to the factor structure of self-descriptions. The most significant demographical factor was sex, where differences in ratings emerged in warmth, greagariousness, positive emotions, openness to feelings, trust, altruism and tender-mindedness. Positive correlations with social desirability ratings were also found with other assessed factors: age with the subscales of excitement seeking and trust, academical status with excitement seeking and achievement striving, and birthplace with trust and order. Keywords: Social desirability, Demographic factors, Self-descriptions
Eesti ja Eestis elavate vene keskkooliõpilaste ja nende vanemate väärtusorientatsioonid
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Zapasnikova, Marina; Tulviste, Tiia, juhendaja; Mizera, Luule, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
This study compares the values of estonian and estonian russian schools students and socialisation aims of estonian and estonian russian mothers, from their childrens point of view. Estonian school students are more individualistic, than russian school students, girl more individualistic, than boys. The difference is in importance of relatedness, which is higher among russian schoolchildren. The values of estonian schoolchildren do not depend on education or age of parents, number of children in family. Besides students of estonian russian schools, the importance of autonomy rises with mother’s education; but also, values don’t depend on fathers education, age of parents and number of children in family. The extent of difference between estonian and russian schoolchildren varies, due to age group or education group of parents. As it seems to respondents, their mothers are more collectivistic in their values, than themselves and russian school student’s mothers are more individualistic, than mothers of estonian schoolchildren.
Visuaalse stiimuli ja kofeiini abil kontrollitud virgutusseisundi vahelise tingitud seose kujundamine
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Uibo, Kristel; Bachmann, Talis, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
Current study “Conditioning between visual stimulus and caffeine-induced arousal state” explores the effect of a visual shape as a conditioned stimulus associated to the drug induced state on sensory thresholds. It was found that presenting the above-threshold shape conditioned to caffeine had no effect on sensory thresholds as measured by perception of a weak test stimulus. It was concluded that designing a conditioned association between caffeine state and seeing a simple geometric shape is either impossible or considerably complicated, so that four 20-minute sessions do not suffice. It is possible that using some other type of cognitive task (e.g. attention or working memory tasks under some perceptual conditions) this kind of association may develop. This would require thorough research, in which the experimental task’s efficiency-promoting processes would be more sensitive to the effect of caffeine. It is also possible that 200 mg of caffeine is not a sufficient dose for prompting a noticeable effect on sensory thresholds. A surprising result was recorded when the effect of the conditioning-stimulus was considered – for some reason circle shaped stimulus facilitated the detection of near-threshold stimuli compared to the square shaped stimulus. This is an intriguing result which requires additional experimentation to verify whether this is an effect of the shape or the effect of the perceptual attributes associated with the shape (e.g., diameter, number of elementary features in the shape, average distance of the form’s boundary line from the location of test stimulus etc).
Isiksuse seos haigestumisega mao- ja kaksteistsõrmiksoolehaavanditesse
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Teras, Andero; Realo, Anu, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between Big Five personality traits and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) when controlling for different socio-demographic and behavioural variables. The sample consisted of 1731 indviduals (740 men and 991 women) with a mean age of 42.8 years (SD = 16.5). Results showed that subjects with PUD were ten years older than subjects without PUD. Also there were more men with PUD. In addition, subjects with PUD had significantly lower scores on Extraversion and Openess to Experience. The results of the logistic regression showed that after controlling for age, gender, smoking habits, anxiety/depression, and the amount of pain of the participants, the five main personality factors did not have a statistically significant effect on PUD. At the level of facet scales, however, N2: Angry Hostility and C4: Achievement Striving had a significant effect on the risk of PUD. Future studies should improve the reliability of diagnosis and also include other important risk factor for PUD such as the presence of Helicobacter pylori and the intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Key words: peptic ulcer disease, NEO-PI-3, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Helicobacter pylori, logistic regression
Akadeemilise enesetõhususe skaala psühhomeetriliste omaduste hindamine
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Trump, Katrin; Must, Olev, juhendaja; Täht, Karin, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate psychometric properties of academic self-efficacy scale. Previous studies have found that acaedemic self-efficacy is multidimensional construct, so I would like to examine if the factors have common figures with characteristics. As the result of factor analysis I found three different dimensions, of which two it is possible to associate with self-efficacy directly and one factor associates indirectly. As I compared academic self-efficacy with criterion variable, it was found that criterions are more associated with two factors (effort and knowledge), and less associated with one factor (perseverance). I also found that scale needs additional research concerning characteristics of emotional quality, also many questions has to be reformulated.
Locus coeruleuse osalise ja ulatusliku denervatsiooni mõju kokaiini ja apomorfiini poolt indutseeritud rottide liikumisaktiivsusele
(Tartu Ülikool, 2012-03-15) Taba, Nele; Kõiv, Kadri, juhendaja; Harro, Jaanus, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Psühholoogia instituut
In the present study the effect of denervation of locus coeruleus (LC) upon cocaine and apomorphine induced locomotion and monoamine concentration in frontal cortex and hippocampus in rats were investigated. 72 male Wistar rats were divivded into three groups: 1) one third were injected with 50 mg/kg dose of neurotoxin DSP-4; 2) one third were injected with 10 mg/kg dose of DSP-4, to create respectively substantial and partial denervation of LC; 3) control group. In every group, one third of rats were injected with cocaine and one third with apomorphine to affect locomotion, and one third with distilled water. It was demonstrated that the substantial denervation (50 mg/kg DSP-4) of LC reduced cocaine-induced locomotion but did not have any effect on apomorphine-induced locomotion. Also, LC denervation affects at the most noradrenergic system, but has also noticeable effect on serotonergic and dopaminergic system. Keywords: cocaine, apomorphine, locomotion, Wistar rats, locus coeruleus, DSP-4, monoamines