Микроистория сообщества формалистов: Кабинет современной литературы при ГИИИ (1927–1930)
Date
2024-07-09
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Abstract
Doktoritöö on pühendatud ühele lokaalsele teemale formalismi ajaloost, nimelt Riikliku Kunstide Ajaloo Instituudi Kaasaegse Kirjanduse Kabineti tegevusele. See asutati 1927. aastal, kui formalistide institutsionaalsed võimalused olid haripunktis, ja eksisteeris kuni Instituudi lüüasaamiseni 1930. aastal. Kabineti ilmumist seostatakse Juri Tõnjanovi ja Boriss Eihenbaumi katsega korraldada Leningradis aktuaalse proosa ja luule uurimise keskus – Kaasaegse Kirjanduse Komitee. Komitee tegevuse raames toimusid kohtumised kirjanikega, arutati uudisteoseid ja töötati välja teoreetilisi paradigmasid, mis võiksid seda materjali ajaloolisest ja kirjanduslikust vaatenurgast lahti mõtestada. Järk-järgult moodustus aktuaalse kirjanduse arhiiv, mis kasvas kiiresti ja kujunes iseseisvaks institutsiooniks, Kaasaegse Kirjanduse Kabinetiks. Kabinett saavutas kiiresti iseseisvuse ning selle töötajad, filoloog Konstantin Šimkevitš ja kriitik, instituudi üliõpilane Juri Pertsovitš, alustasid aktiivset kogumis- ja uurimistegevust, mille eesmärk oli moodustada materjalide korpus vene modernismi ajaloost, alates sümbolist Dmitri Merežkovskist ja lõpetades avangardist Aleksandr Vvedenskiga. Selle institutsiooni tööd vaadeldakse korraga mitmel tasandil – läbi institutsionaalse optika, stalinismi sotsiaalse ajaloo kontekstis ja läbi teooria ajaloo prisma, mis võimaldab tuvastada asutuse positsiooni 1920. aastate teaduses, hariduses ja kirjanduses.
This dissertation examines a marginal but revealing episode in the history of Formalism, the work of the Office for Contemporary Literature at the Institute of Art History. The office was formed in 1927, when the institutional possibilities of the Formalists were at their peak, and existed until the Institute was dissolved in 1930. The appearance of the Office was related to the attempt of Yuri Tynyanov and Boris Eikhenbaum to organize a center for the study of recent prose and poetry in Leningrad –– the Committee for Contemporary Literature. Within the framework of the Committee’s activities, meetings with writers were held, literary novelties were discussed, and theoretical paradigms capable of conceptualizing this material from a historical and literary perspective were developed. Gradually, an archive of Russian Modernism literature was formed in the Committee, which quickly grew and turned into an independent institution, the Office for Contemporary Literature. It quickly gained independence, and its members, such as the philologist Konstantin Shimkevich and the literary critic Yuri Pertsovich, began to actively collect and research a corpus of materials on the history of Russian Modernism, ranging between Dmitrii Merezhkovsky to Aleksandr Vvedensky. The work of this institution is examined in several dimensions –– through an institutional lens, in the context of the social history of Stalinism, and through the prism of the history of theory, thus revealing the Office’s position among the scientific, educational, and literary institutions of the 1920s and early 1930s.
This dissertation examines a marginal but revealing episode in the history of Formalism, the work of the Office for Contemporary Literature at the Institute of Art History. The office was formed in 1927, when the institutional possibilities of the Formalists were at their peak, and existed until the Institute was dissolved in 1930. The appearance of the Office was related to the attempt of Yuri Tynyanov and Boris Eikhenbaum to organize a center for the study of recent prose and poetry in Leningrad –– the Committee for Contemporary Literature. Within the framework of the Committee’s activities, meetings with writers were held, literary novelties were discussed, and theoretical paradigms capable of conceptualizing this material from a historical and literary perspective were developed. Gradually, an archive of Russian Modernism literature was formed in the Committee, which quickly grew and turned into an independent institution, the Office for Contemporary Literature. It quickly gained independence, and its members, such as the philologist Konstantin Shimkevich and the literary critic Yuri Pertsovich, began to actively collect and research a corpus of materials on the history of Russian Modernism, ranging between Dmitrii Merezhkovsky to Aleksandr Vvedensky. The work of this institution is examined in several dimensions –– through an institutional lens, in the context of the social history of Stalinism, and through the prism of the history of theory, thus revealing the Office’s position among the scientific, educational, and literary institutions of the 1920s and early 1930s.